https://repository.seku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/19 2026-09-13T20:07:03Z 2026-09-13T20:07:03Z Kimatu, Josphert N. https://repository.seku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/8428 2026-09-08T12:11:23Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Introducing the concept of leader servantship as demonstrated by Jesus Christ Kimatu, Josphert N. Servant leadership has been regarded as a transformative approach to leadership because it places service to others at the center of influence. However, a reflective biblical analysis of its application proposes the concept of “leader servantship” as the inward servant identity of the leader. This leader servant concept is not in any sense a rival theory to servant leadership or a leader-first claim to authority. Drawing on reflective qualitative inquiry from a six-month Africa Servant Leadership Development Institute (ASLEAD) certificate experience, relevant servant leadership literature, and biblical texts from the King James Bible, this paper argues that leader servantship under divine submission precipitates motives, humility, love, integrity, and the accountability that sustain authentic service. The discussion distinguishes outward servant leadership behaviors from the inner posture that purifies and stabilizes those behaviors. It further demonstrates, through the example of Jesus Christ, that legitimate Christian leadership is strengthened rather than diminished when the leader remains consciously submitted to God and committed to serving others. Leader servantship does not mean abandoning leadership to become passive or subordinate. It means exercising genuine leadership authority through humility, service, stewardship, and accountability to God and to those being led. The article concludes that leader servantship can be used as a careful conceptual lens for demonstrating Christ’s leadership service practice in the Church, organizations, and community contexts.

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z Wanyama, Conrad Nakitare, Michael Linturi, James M. https://repository.seku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/8419 2026-08-14T08:25:27Z 2026-08-01T00:00:00Z

Natural radioactivity and radiological risks in soil and irish potatoes in Mt. Elgon region, Bungoma County, Kenya Wanyama, Conrad; Nakitare, Michael; Linturi, James M. This study examines the exposure levels and the consequent radiological effects of natural radioactivity on the people of Mt. Elgon Kenya. Soil and Irish potato samples were obtained for this purpose. The gathered samples were processed and evaluated using gamma ray spectrometry at the physics laboratory of South Eastern University Kenya. The mean activity concentration of Ra-226, Th-232, and K-40 were determined to be: 68 ± 3.42, 359 ± 17.98 and 394 ± 19.73 Bq/kg for soil; 38 ± 1.93, 308 ± 15.44 and 776 ± 38.83 Bq/kg for Irish potatoes. The soil annual effective dosage measured indoors for Ra-226, Th-232, and K-40 falls within the following range of 0.12 – 0.25 mSv/y with an average of 0.18 mSv/y. The average outdoor annual effective doses in soil averaged at 0.12 mSv/y. The average radium equivalent, internal hazard index, external hazard index, absorbed dose rate and were below the recommended standards of 370 Bq/kg, 100 mSvy-1, 60 nGyh-1 and 300 mSvy-1 respectively annual gonadal index (AGED) for all examined soil samples were 332 ± 16.53 Bq/kg, 1.3 ± 0.06 mSvy-1, 1.4 ± 0.07 mSvy-1, 51 ± 2.56 nGyh-1 and 254 ± 12.7 mSvy-1 respectively. All the radiological parameters set by ICRP, with the exception of a few soil samples. The translocation of radionuclides from soils-to-Irish potatoes were 0.5 ± 0.02, 0.8 ± 0.04 and 1.9 ± 0.09 for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K respectively. Hence, soils obtained from the study area are rich in potassium minerals, thorium minerals and uranium minerals. DOI 10.24200/jonra.2026.2031.1231

2026-08-01T00:00:00Z Ngumbi, Paul K. Mugo, Simon W. Ngaruiya, James M. https://repository.seku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/8404 2026-07-23T08:20:47Z 2018-07-01T00:00:00Z

Determination of gold nanoparticles sizes via surface plasmon resonance Ngumbi, Paul K.; Mugo, Simon W.; Ngaruiya, James M. Surface plasmon resonance technique has been highly employed in determination of the sizes of metallic nanoparticles (NPs). Generally, NP size has been viewed as a function of SPR wavelength value only, with every value of this wavelength being associated with one particular size. In this paper, gold NPs (AuNPs) prepared through the citrate reduction method with a variation in the amount of citrate used on gold (III) chloride precursor was studied. Using UV-Vis spectra analysis of the synthesized NPs in colloidal form, SPR absorption band with a wavelength ranging from 518 to 520 nm was detected. At 518 and 519 nm peaks, the recorded average NP size was 12 nm while 520 nm coincided with NPs of diameters 11 and 13 nm. This indicated that small and large AuNPs within the plasmonic size can present similar high resonance. We attribute this observation to the atomic interactions within the NPs solution hence the availability of the high density of the surface (resonance) electrons from the NPs surface atoms. DOI: 10.9790/5736-1107012529

2018-07-01T00:00:00Z Jalloh, Abdul A. Yusuf, Abdullahi A. Khamis, Fathiya M. Sevgan, Subramanian https://repository.seku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/8393 2026-07-02T09:34:41Z 2026-06-24T00:00:00Z

Impacts of multitrophic interactions in diversified cropping systems for sustainable management of Spodoptera frugiperda Jalloh, Abdul A.; Yusuf, Abdullahi A.; Khamis, Fathiya M.; Sevgan, Subramanian Background: Rapid population growth has made the sustainable intensification of agricultural productivity essential for meeting global food demands while maintaining environmental integrity and biodiversity. Diversified cropping systems, such as intercropping, push-pull systems, and cover cropping, are recognized as agroecological strategies to enhance plant growth and protection, and suppress major pests, including the fall armyworm (FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda). These systems influence complex above-andbelow ground interactions among herbivorous pests, plants, soil microbes, and their natural enemies. Aims: This review synthesizes current knowledge on how diversified cropping systems shape multitrophic interactions that affect soil health, plant performance, S. frugiperda suppression, and biocontrol within agroecosystems. Methods: We critically reviewed the impact of below-and-above ground interactions and synthesized recent knowledge from soil microbiology, entomology, ecology, and agronomy to examine how diversified cropping systems shape plant-microbe-pest interactions. Particular emphasis is given to the roles of soil microbial communities, plant defensive responses, and natural enemies contributing to S. frugiperda suppression. Results and Conclusions: This review provides a comprehensive understanding of below-and-above ground interactions and the contribution of soil microbes in crop protection. Evidence indicates that diversified cropping systems can reduce S. frugiperda infestations through multiple ecological mechanisms. These include increased activity of natural enemy, improved plant defense traits, and beneficial changes in soil microbial communities. These systems also promote improved soil structure, nutrient cycling, and crop productivity. Integrating these ecological interactions into crop management offers a promising integrated pest management strategy for sustainable S. frugiperda management, particularly smallholder farming systems in sub-Saharan Africa and other regions affected by S. frugiperda. https://doi.org/10.1079/ab.2026.0037

2026-06-24T00:00:00Z