https://repository.seku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/7323 2026-09-12T18:35:34Z https://repository.seku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/8434 Morphological structures and patterns utilized in the formation of verbs within the mbogi genje linguistic code Bwoma, Eric; Kiliku, Musyoka P.; Chomba, Esther N. The linguistic landscape of urban environments is marked by the dynamic evolution of linguistic codes, shaped by intricate interactions between language, culture, and context. Through their distinct linguistic code, Mbogi Genje, a populous music group has managed to not only convey their artistic expressions but also establish a unique cultural identity within an urban context in Kenya. While scholars have examined the language used by Mbogi Genje, the analysis of morphological changes in verbs that have led to the mutation of their linguistic code remains unexplored. The current study aimed at shedding light on the morphological patterns utilized in the formation of verbs. The study was guided by the theory of Language Contact and Creole Formation, pioneered by Derek Bickerton in 1970s. The researcher utilized a descriptive research design, incorporating qualitative data collection and analysis methods. These methods encompass interviews, content analysis, and focus group discussions. The findings indicated that the linguistic code of Mbogi Genje contains unique verbs that reflect urban street culture, solidarity, and defiance. These verbs are pivotal in expressing attitudes of resilience, aggression, and power, encapsulating the group’s urban identity and survival strategies. The formation of these verbs in Mbogi Genje's linguistic code follows processes like inflection, derivation, neologisms, and borrowing. The verbs in Mbogi Genje have undergone significant linguistic changes through blending and adaptation. This has resulted in the mutation of the old Sheng code, creating new verb forms. The study concludes that he linguistic code of Mbogi Genje has evolved from old Sheng, Swahili, and English through blending and adaptation, resulting in new, coded verbs that are uniquely understood within their community, reflecting their distinct urban identity. 2025-06-01T00:00:00Z https://repository.seku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/8430 Climate-resilient livelihoods among young women feminist assessment of adaptive strategy and economic resilience to the climate crisis Anguzuzu, Elsie L.; Awere, Bildad The paper tested the notion of climate-resilient livelihoods of young women based on a feminist perspective on a literature review of the adaptive strategies and economic resilience to climate crisis based on high quality secondary evidence published after 2023. The peer-reviewed journal articles and official reports have been systematically examined to determine how the climate stress factors such as drought, random rainfall, heat and water scarcity changed the livelihood systems. The assessment showed that climate pressures reduced production, augmented strain of unpaid care and were subjected to market and institutional risks, and young women were disproportionately hit. They also reported the use of livelihood diversification, climate-smart practices, microenterprise, savings groups, and mobility, but the decision of the pathway was not preferencebased but, rather, feasibility-based, which is unequal access to land, money, information, security, and power of decision-making With the framework of feminist political ecology and feminist economics, it was revealed that the outcome of the adaptation mediated through gendered power relations within households, markets, and governance structure. It was established that adaptation was not gender neutral since similar tactics produced unequal profitability in terms of managing assets, time and income. The short-term coping strategy was found to boost food security in a multiplicity of circumstances, and it could not produce long-term economic sustainability where asset depreciation and debts persisted. Conversely, where the climate finance, advisory, and social protection aligned with the reality of young women, benefits rose, as well as income continuity and food security, but were feeble in reacting to recurrent shocks. The paper has discovered that it will require caresensitive program design and an accountable institution to innovate adaptation to be transformed into longterm economic sustainability and not re-create vulnerability among young women in developing climate sensitive livelihoods. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51244/IJRSI.2026.1307000133 2026-08-01T00:00:00Z https://repository.seku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/8418 Ontologies of ich symbolic tacit Indigenous knowledge of a bull among the Isukha community, Kenya Muruli, Elphas; Owano, Ashah; Oyieke, Lilian The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the ontologies of intangible cultural heritage that facilitate the transfer of symbolic tacit indigenous knowledge of a bull (STIKaB) among the Isukha community of Kakamega East Sub-County, Kenya. The following research objectives were addressed: establish ontologies of ICH symbolic tacit indigenous knowledge of a bull in Isukha, determine factors affecting these ontologies and propose amelioration strategies to safeguard ontologies of ICH symbolic tacit indigenous knowledge of a bull in Isukha. Drawing on focused ethnography, a purposively selected sample of 60 bull raisers and indigenous knowledge custodians took part through key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and participant observations between January 2025 and January 2026. Data were analysed thematically using NVivo, with photographic and audio material used for triangulation in addition to the use of the knowledge transfer process and indigenous knowledge transfer models. Findings show that symbolic tacit indigenous knowledge of a bull (STIKaB) is distributed across interconnected domains of cultural life, including oral traditions, performing arts, social practices, rituals, and traditional craftsmanship. However, most of these ontologies of ICH are undocumented, making the transfer of tacit indigenous knowledge of a bull difficult. The study contributes to ICH scholarship by expounding how symbolic tacit knowledge operates beyond textual description, and to indigenous knowledge debates by positioning STIKaB as a dynamic, practice-based ontology sustained through lived cultural engagement, demonstrating that symbolic tacit indigenous knowledge is constituted through relational rather than classificatory logic. The study concludes that STIKaB constitutes a relationally sustained ontology rather than a fixed classificatory structure, with meaning continuously generated through lived cultural practice. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37284/eajtcr.9.1.5480 2026-08-04T00:00:00Z https://repository.seku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/8417 Inclusive innovations in the transfer of tacit Indigenous knowledge of a bull as intangible cultural heritage among the Isukha community, Kenya Muruli, Elphas; Oyieke, Lilian; Owano, Ashah Tacit indigenous knowledge plays a crucial role in discussions surrounding inclusive innovation, emphasizing the diversity of relevant stakeholders and marginalised viewpoints. Tacit indigenous knowledge is the deep-rooted, intuitive understanding and expertise that resides within individuals. The significance of tacit indigenous knowledge transfer includes cultural preservation through cultural ceremonies that convey important cultural meanings and build community resilience. Safeguarding intangible cultural heritage is contingent upon the effective transmission of tacit indigenous knowledge across generations. This paper investigated inclusive innovations in the transfer of tacit indigenous knowledge of a bull, a central symbol in the Intangible Cultural Heritage among the Isukha Community in Kenya. Specifically, the study focused on strategies and approaches to inclusive innovations, namely: participatory methods; learning by interacting; apprenticeships and mentorship; integration of knowledge systems; strengthening local institutions and collaborative decision-making. The study adopted the Knowledge Transfer Process Model, which involves the following phases: Identify critical knowledge, Prioritize which knowledge is most important to transfer, Capture and Transfer this knowledge using various methods, and finally Share and Store it for future access and reuse. To achieve this, the study was guided by a descriptive qualitative research approach including ethnographic fieldwork, oral histories, and participatory observation. Data were collected through key in-depth interviews with community knowledge holders and focus group discussions focusing on observable interactions involving the bull, such as gestures, rituals, stories, songs, and healing practices. The community population was 111,743. A Sample size of 60 bull raisers, elders, culture teachers, bull enthusiasts, and indigenous knowledge experts was used. Inclusive innovations are vital in sustaining the transfer of tacit indigenous knowledge assets among the Isukha. The interplay of traditional practices and inclusive technologies presents new challenges and opportunities in tacit knowledge transfer of a bull among the Isukha community. Challenges include indigenous data sovereignty and free prior informed consent. Benefits include sustainable solutions, community empowerment, and overall deeper understanding of cultural processes and matters of a bull. The paper contributes to the case studies of indigenous communities and strengthens discussions on intangible cultural heritage of a bull through inclusive technologies and concludes that traditional oral methods are insufficient against cultural erosion. Researchers recommend implementing a structured knowledge capture model that integrates traditional practices with inclusive innovations to bridge generational and gendered gaps as a safeguard to this heritage. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37284/eajtcr.9.1.5478 2026-08-04T00:00:00Z